Legal Political and Ethical Dimensions of Business

Questions: 1. There has been a movement in the last decade encouraging people to buy American. Discuss the legal and ethical issues related to boycotting goods from other countries. What are the practical business implications of such a move? 2. The World Trade Organization, or WTO, is the largest and most influential of the trade organizations. China and other heavy counterfeiting nations are part of this group. What could WTO-participating nations do to address the problems of counterfeiting? What should they do? 3. The United Nations Security Council, the main decision-making body at the UN, is comprised of five regular members: China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States. Ten more members are elected from the General Assembly. Given the make-up of the committee, what type of action might the UN take with regard to the counterfeiting issue? Answers: 1. The section 2407 OF THE United States Code talks about foreign boycotts. This section indicates a message from the President of the United States of America that every American national should boycott goods made in foreign countries. The primary objective behind boycotting foreign goods is to promote local manufacturers and increase the economy of the country. Thus, some may perceive boycotting goods made by foreign countries which are better in quality and lower in price compared to the local goods as unethical and foolish rather than patriotic, while others may consider it to be reasonable. Therefore, the boycott of foreign goods is generally a matter of choice. Refusing or prohibiting another to refrain from using foreign goods or keep any association with foreign company is additionally a violation in freedom to trade and freedom of choice as a consumer. Thus, the business implications of boycotting foreign goods can encourage domestic trade and businesses but at the same time violate citizens right to choice as a consumer and also right to trade (Ambrose and Stephen 2010). 2. Counterfeiting is a termed used for intentional reproducing a copy of a genuine article or goods in order to mislead a buyer into believing that they are actually buying or purchasing a genuine product. The World Trade Organization initiated an Anticounterfeiting Enforcement Committee (ACEC) which suggested the following steps to combat Counterfeiting from member states like China:- Introduce collection of fines against countries which engage in Counterfeiting The said step not only suggested collection of fines from countries engaged in Counterfeiting but also suggested to device methods for calculation of fines and penalties for Counterfeiting. Enforcement of strict customs against trafficking of Counterfeited goods across borders The Anticounterfeiting Enforcement Committee (ACEC) suggested that laws in relation to trading of goods across border needs to be strict for managing and filtering trade of counterfeited goods (Jackson 2010). Introduction of statutory damages In most cases, the civil penalties and compensation are not sufficient to cover the actual losses a company suffers due to Counterfeiting of their produced goods, thus, Anticounterfeiting Enforcement Committee (ACEC) suggested the governments of member states of World Trade Centre to amend their trademark laws to include a pre-determined damage amount for counterfeited goods (Hawkins and Richard 2010). 3. United Nations is a global organisation which promotes international cooperation between countries. The primary objective of the most important organ of the United Nation is to make decisions which are in relation to global problems and crisis. These decisions are made by Security Council. The Security Council of the United Nation has recently adopted a campaignto create awareness about the evil effects of Counterfeiting. The United Nation aims to make countries realize that Counterfeiting is a crime which adversely affects government, customers and businesses. The United Nations shall impose a ban on goods which are counterfeited and imposes heavy penalties on countries that encourage Counterfeiting (Halperin et al 2010). Reference List Ambrose, Stephen E.Rise to globalism: American foreign policy since 1938. Penguin, 2010. Halperin, Arnold, Paul Andrew Moskowitz, Alejandro Gabriel Schrott, Charles P. Tresser, and Robert Jacob Von Gutfeld. "Method and system for preventing counterfeiting of high price wholesale and retail items." U.S. Patent 6,226,619, issued May 1, 2001. Hawkins, Richard A. "Boycotts, buycotts and consumer activism in a global context: An overview."Management Organizational History5, no. 2 (2010): 123-143. Jackson, Graham, Stefan Arver, Ian Banks, and Vera J. Stecher. "Counterfeit phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors pose significant safety risks."International journal of clinical practice64, no. 4 (2010): 497-504.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Governments Providing Free Health Care Essay Example

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Governments Providing Free Health Care Paper The Advantages and Disadvantages of Governments providing Free Health Care Every government provides services for their citizens. One of the key areas governments focus their attention on is public health care. Citizens have the benefit of receiving free health care services whenever they need it. Yet, everything that is provided for free has its drawbacks. There are disadvantages as well as advantages associated with free health care services provided by governments for their citizens. Firstly, with the anticipation of free health services, there is a high likelihood of poor quality of services. According to the Ministry of Health’s Strategic Plan 2011-2015, Fiji has one of the lowest total health expenditure as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) when compared to other Pacific Island countries. As a result of a lack of finances, it can be expected that health services and products may not be of high quality. Moreover, cheaper and less effective medication may be given in place of quality and effective drugs. It should not be expected that citizens have the best quality of health services due to the limited budget and expenditure of the ministry. Another disadvantage of free health care is the shortage of doctors and nurses. The Minister of Health (Fiji), Dr Neil Sharma said that doctor shortages were a common occurrence in every part of the world and Fiji was no exception (Malo 2011, p. 5). For instance, at Rakiraki Hospital one doctor looks after over ten thousand people and only three doctors cater for the twenty-nine thousand population of Tavua (Malo 2011, p. 5). From this information it can be seen that the doctor to patient ratio is very low. Thirdly, free health care services leads to overcrowding in hospitals. With the availability of free medical services, citizens have the opportunity to make the most use of the services provided to them and this in turn leads to overcrowding. It is an all too common site to see long queues and frustrated patients at the outpatient section of major hospitals (Fiji Times Online 2008). Many people wait for hours before they are seen as the hospitals are just not large enough to cater for them all. With the large population of We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages and Disadvantages of Governments Providing Free Health Care specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages and Disadvantages of Governments Providing Free Health Care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Advantages and Disadvantages of Governments Providing Free Health Care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Fiji, it is not surprising that overcrowding occurs in hospitals. However, free health care services have many advantages as well. Governments spend a lot of time, money and resources in providing health care services and it is only after carefully examining the benefits that these services are provided. The advantages that will be considered include benefit to all classes of people, the continual improvement of healthcare services and the reduction and control of disease outbreaks. Equally important to consider are the advantages of free health services. Free health services benefit all classes of people especially the poor and needy who cannot afford expensive treatments offered at private hospitals and those citizens who do not have health insurance. In Fiji, the healthcare system is mainly financed through general taxation (Ministry of Health Strategic Plan 2011-2015, p. 11). The revenue collected from taxation is based on income levels and the ability of the individual to pay. Consequently, the poor families benefit greatly from this service as they get the most out of it. In addition, another advantage to consider is that the government continually improves its services. Citizens benefit greatly from the improved health services governments provide. According to the Minister of Health, Dr Neil Sharma, the ministry’s foremost objective is to strengthen primary healthcare services in the country. The Permanent Secretary for Health, Dr Salanieta Saketa added that one major target for the ministry is to improve the delivery of primary healthcare services (Ministry of Health Annual Corporate Plan 2011, pp. 3-4). The Fiji government also spends a substantial amount on educating and training health professions (Panda 2003, p. 37). These are only a few of the many ways the government is improving the healthcare system. Finally, free health services help to reduce and control disease outbreaks. Those individuals who are carriers of infectious diseases are treated and cared for. For example, the Ministry of Health has sections dealing with HIV and AIDS, adolescent and reproductive health, oral health and non-communicable diseases to name a few. Informat ion is also provided on these diseases and prevention. These services are very beneficial to the itizens and the nation as a whole as it stops the risk of spreading the illness to the entire population. Free health services are indeed beneficial for the entire population. In conclusion, free health services provided by governments have its disadvantages and advantages. Although there are disadvantages to this service, in some ways, the advantages do outweigh the disadvantages. Governments do recognise the need for poor and needy families’ access to healthcare services and also know that in order to cater for their citizens needs, they must continually improve their health services. Governments also recognise the need to control or if possible eliminate the outbreak of infectious diseases in order to protect the entire population. The government has done a great job in providing the citizens with healthcare services and this can be improved by allocating more finances to the health sector. With these in play, it is safe to say that the free health care services governments provide have great advantages for their citizens.

Government Intervention on the Internet essays

Government Intervention on the Internet essays Government Intervention of the Internet E-mail and Internet communications are not secure or anonymous, System Administrators and fourteen year-old hackers alike can pry into your personal or corporate mail. Others can read anything you send. Communicating by e-mail has been compared to sending postcards that anyone can read as they travel along. It is nearly impossible to communicate anonymously through e-mail. Though many people don't use their real names on e-mail messages, the names are always recorded somewhere. Almost any communication can be traced back to the person who sent it. The ability to trace and read e-mail has caused some people embarrassment. It has caught people who were sexually harassing others in the workplace. It has also been responsible for the arrest of many people who were trafficking drugs, running scams, or distributing child pornography. Now a new innovation, RSA encryption, has made it possible for e-mail and other communications to be almost completely secure. In this encoding scheme, both the sender and the receiver have a key, or a sequence of code numbers. The data is scrambled according to these number strings and cannot be read by anyone who doesn't have the key. The longer the string of numbers is, the harder it is to crack the code. The government is concerned that by using a lot of numbers, (over 1000) users could create a code that the government wouldnt be able to crack. Thus the government would lose the ability it now has to intercept and read your e-mail as it travels. Three civilians who are not affiliated with the government developed the encryption scheme. But when the United States government learned about what it could do, they placed strict rules on the research and implementation of the scheme. The government also made it a crime to export software, chips or even information about the workings of the scheme to other countries. Some countries like England...

How are synthetic a prirori ju essays

How are synthetic a prirori ju essays Kant theorizes that synthetic a priori judgments are conceived before an event occurs. He makes the assumption that these synthetic a priori judgments are plausible without any empirical knowledge, exposure, experience, or any related comprehension. Ergo it is false to assume that synthetic a priori conclusions are not justifiable because the articulation of conscious and unconscious stimuli is an occurrence since birth. Kant explains that there are both analytic and synthetic judgments. Analytic judgments are those truths that are self-contained while synthetic judgments are the combining of two ideas to form a completely new idea. He also explains that there are both experiences that are a posteriori and those that are a priori. A posteriori is the knowledge that depends on experience and therefore is defined as after experience. A priori on the other hand is knowledge that can be known prior to experience. Knowing this, we can conclude that analytic a posteriori are not possible. One cannot have a self-contained knowledge of something after an experience. Kant also explains to us that analytic a priori are in fact possible. For instance, the statement all bodies are extended things is an example of analytic a priori. This is because we know that this is true before seeing all of the bodies in the world. Analytic a priori are therefore rationalist statements. Rationalism is a theory that reason is in itself a source of knowledge superior to and independent of sense perceptions. A rainy day is a wet day is an example of a statement that is both rationalist and analytic a priori. This is an analytic a priori judgment because we know that everyday that is a rainy day is also a wet day. On the other hand, if somebody were to say that a rainy day is a warm day it would be an empirical statement. That is because we can only put th...

An Introduction to Theory of Constraints Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

An Introduction to Theory of Constraints - Essay Example TOC is very significance in the fields of management and engineering when it comes to finding solutions to problems in the most accurate, simple and consistent. It helps in reduction of inventory levels, lead and cycle times while improving revenue and reducing time. Significant researches have been done in the field of TOC. Elyahu Goldraft and Jeff Cox in their book â€Å"The Goal: Process of ongoing improvement† highlighted various TOC processes like identification and exploitation of system constraints and goals. They also came up with the classification of constraints as market, policy and physical. These constraints were further subdivided into sub constraints and theories of constraints discussed. Mindset constraint is based on culture and frame of mind, measures is based on the relationship between constraints and achievement of organizational goals and method constraint based on relationship between procedures and technique to achieving actions incompatible with the or ganizational goals. Application of TOC in the Manufacturing example indicates understanding of redefinition of systems goal, thru put, inventory and operating expenses. TOC also helps in calculation of profits and making production decision. Financial Management, Cash Flow and Accounting Principles The objective of this topic would be to comprehend the creation and usage of the accounting information, understanding of accounting language and application of financial accounting in an organization. This would be summarized in the following paragraphs. Finance and accounting have varied roles within an organization. Some of these roles are applied internally within an organization while others are used externally outside an organization. Finance and accounting helps in provision of financial position of an organization, taxation of an organization by the state, federal and the local government. ES-4910 Survey of Engineering Management presents (1) Organizational financial report is als o used by external organs in investment regulation and valuation. Organizational management uses finance and accounting in budgeting, setting product prices, checking of organization performance as well as in general operation of an organization. Understanding of accounting information is very vital to the organizational management. Recording of cash versus accruals forms basics of financial entries. Cash is always entered when there is transfer of cash whereas accruals are entered there is revenue earned or expenditure is incurred. Accrual is a record of transactions over the same period whereas cash records are not time dependent. Other accounting basics include the understanding of business assets, liabilities equity ledger, revenue, expenditure and profit. Accounting entries like the principle of double entry in an accounting is very important in making account receivables and expenditure occurring at the same time. Rules of making entries in journal and using it in calculation of profit and loss are very important. Financial statements help in understanding of different activities in a business. They include cash flows, owner’s equity, business financial position and operational statements. Financial analysis involves comparison of financial information based on period, company changes whereas ratio analysis involves comparison of assets and liabilities. There are current ratio and quick ratio. In the analysis of profits the following are considered; asset return, equity return, gross margin, earning per share. Analysis of ratios involves calculation of; turnover ratio on assets, average turnover ratio and turnover ratio of inventory. In the analysis

Inter-Religious Dialogues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Inter-Religious Dialogues - Essay Example From this research it is clear that  the best examples of inter-religious dialogues are Jesus Christ and the Prophet. History makes it clear that Islam was spread by peaceful means. Hazrat Muhammad was known as a just and peaceful person long before he even talked about Islam. Muslims never forced any one to convert. South Asia and Africa were the countries where the message of God was taken by trading Muslims. The environment under His rule was to lift up the teachings and practices of Islamic traditions that nurture life and support community living. The Messenger of Allah prohibited even the fragrance of Paradise on a person who is a killer.This paper stresses that it generated hope and respect between the different people and created the atmosphere of mutual confidence. In any distrustful situation, dialogue should not be the last resort rather should be the first step towards reconciliation. It lessens fear and doubt by becoming the sign of hope. Jesus and Prophet Muhammad nev er used confrontational language and always focused on transparency and simplicity of dialogue. Whatever, they did in tackling those situations can also be done today and all of the points discussed above are essential for any dialogue. The ignorance of Quran has led Muslims to a wrong path way, and all in the name of Jihad. Negative role of media added fire to the fuel. Jihad means to defend oneself from anything that is harming but Muslims are not allowed to harm others.

Grit Test Essay Example for Free

Grit Test Essay I guess according the test I am a extremely â€Å"Gritty† individual. It states that I am grittier than 80% of the American Populous. I guess I can attribute that to my military experiences. I will now do my do diligence in answering the question on the lab sheet. Question 1) what difference does age has in your ability to be persistent? I think age has nothing to do with being determined or persistent. It is an inherent trait that is taught. You must learn to not fear and use the emotion to your advantage, and your drive. Question 2) Does it matter how long your attention span is? I think it does, you must learn to focus to succeed in anything, and in today’s society that is discerning and I am concerned. Question 3) Does labeling something as â€Å"fun† and â€Å"easy† matter to your perception of how long and well you could persist on project? No I prefer a good challenge and I enjoy working on project that are challenging. Question 4) If you take pride in your work, do you think you’d persist longer than if you were self-critical. I don’t think I would do as well, if I cared about popularity. I handle my project as a mission and I am mission orientated. Question 5) What about your ability to delay gratification? How might that impact your ability to be persistent? How is the ability to delay gratification related to maturity. How is it related to self-control? How is it related to self- control? How is persistence different from self-control? I am very good at delaying gratification, because of my military training to be â€Å"Companionably Dis-Passionate.† I really think that this question is irreverent to me. I also think it has nothing to do with matuarity, because I know a lot of 40 year old people that act like they are 12. Self-control is a learned inherent traits, that is taught though  discipline and self-pride and determination. Sources Cited: Michelson, B. M./ U.S. Army (2013, September). Character Development of U.S. Army Leaders The Laissez-Faire Approach. Retrieved from http://usacac.army.mil/CAC2/MilitaryReview/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20131031_art007.pdf. This book shows how to develop military leadership and training that can be used to train individuals how to react to any situation a military leader can endure. This book can also help with how we interact in a society that lacks leadership and discipline. Goren, P. (2007). Character Weakness, Partisan Bias, and Presidential Evaluation: Modifications and Extensions. Political Behavior. doi:10.1007/s11109-006-9019-0. Is this article, the author discuss what is makes a strong leader versus a weak leader, and he discusses the issues in our governments policies and how strong and week presidents and leaders can make our break a government.